Ethical:
Code Of Practice: A set of written rules which explains how people working in a particular profession should behave. A set of guidelines and regulations to be followed by members of some profession, trade, occupation and organization it does not normally have the force or law.
Legal:
People working in the media industry have too be aware of the following;
Broadcasting Act 1990- Is a law of the British parliament, the aim of the act was to reform the entire structure of British broadcasting.
Example: If you were to show explicit images on TV or in the media this would be breaching the broadcasting act.
Official Secrets Act 1989- Is an act of parliament of the United Kingdom, It is said to have removed the public interest defense created by that section.
Example: If you was given the whereabouts of a certain person which was a secret and other people found out this would be an offence.
Obscene Publications Act 1959- Is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom parliament that significantly reformed the law related to obscenity. Prior to the passage of the Act, the law on publishing obscene materials was governed by the common law case, which had no exceptions for artistic merit or the public good.
Example: If you showed graphic material to a certain age group you would be breaking the obscene publication act.
Films Act 1985- Laws concerning film fiance and defining British films.
Video Recordings Act 1984- It states that commercial video recordings offered for sale or for hire within the UK must carry a classification that has been agreed upon by an authority designated by the Home Office.
Example: Owning a video store and you allow for rental a film that hasn't been properly classified.
Race Relations Act 1976- Eestablished by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to prevent discrimination on the grounds of race.
Example: If someone discriminates a certain race of people in the media.
Human Rights Act 1998-An Act to give further effect to rights and freedoms guaranteed under the European Convention on Human Rights.
Example: If someone takes away your freedom or rights to speech this is breaching the human rights act.
Licensing Act 2003- The Act establishes a single integrated scheme for licensing premises which are used for the sale or supply of alcohol, to provide regulated entertainment, or to provide late night refreshment.
Example: If a shop were to sell alcohol to underage people this would be a licensing act.
Privacy law- Refers to the laws which deal with the regulation of personal information about individuals which can be collected by governments and other public as well as private organizations and its storage and use.The laws are designed to regulate specific types of information like; Health privacy laws, financial privacy laws, online privacy laws, communications privacy laws, information privacy laws and privacy in one’s home.
Example: If someone goes into your private things without your permission this is breaching the privacy law.
Copyright and intellectual property law- An owner of a creation or product has the right to keep that idea form themselves and no one else can use it. The property can not be used without the owners permission.
Example: If someone stole your idea without your permission then this is copyright.
Libel law- Libel is defined as defamation by written or printed words, pictures of in any form other than by spoken words or gestures.
Example: If you were to be slanderous towards someone on a publication that was not true then that would be breaching the libal law.
A recent example of a high profile legal case;
The news of the world phone hacking scandal took place in july 2011.
It emerged in July that Milly Dowler's mobile phone had been hacked after her death. Voicemailselatives of Milly Dowler sued the news of the world because Lots of personal details were leaked this was upsetting for her family because she had been murdered. This breached the human rights of the victim's family and also breached the privacy law. As a result of this case the News of the World was shutdown by News International in July after it emerged that Milly's voicemail had been accessed. The family were awarded a £2m payout from News International in compensation.
BBFC
The BBFC stands for the British Board of Film Classification. They classify different films depending on the content in them. They categorise film in the following way U, PG,12,12A,15,18 R18.
OFCOM
Ofcom is an independent regulator and competition authority for the UK communications industries. They deal with licenses in Radio communications, broadcasters and TV broadcasts. They also consumers from what might be considered as harmful or offensive material, they also make sure programmes should be on at the right times.
Editors Code Of Practice:
This is a newspaper and magazine industry Code of Practice. The Press Complaints Commission which has a majority of members, is charged with enforcing the Code, using the adjudicate complaints. It was ratified by the PCC in September 2009. Clauses marked are covered by expectations relating to the public interests.
All members of the press have a duty to maintain the highest professional standards. The Code, which includes this preamble and the public interest exceptions below, sets the benchmark for those ethical standards, protecting both the rights of the individual and the public right to know.The cornerstone of the system of self-regulation to which the industry has made a binding commitment.
Representation:
Representation refers to the construction in any medium of aspects of reality such as people,places, objects, events cultural identities and other abstract concepts. In relation to the key markers of identity are Class,Age,Gender and Ethnicity.
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